Linux Basic Commands
**File and Directory Management:**
1. **ls:** List files and directories.
2. **cd:** Change directory.
3. **pwd:** Display the current directory.
4. **mkdir:** Create a new directory.
5. **rm:** Remove files or directories.
6. **cp:** Copy files or directories.
7. **mv:** Move or rename files.
8. **touch:** Create an empty file.
9. **tree:** Display directory structure.
**File Viewing and Editing:**
10. **cat:** Display file content.
11. **less / more:** View files page by page.
12. **head:** Show the first 10 lines.
13. **tail:** Show the last 10 lines.
14. **nano:** A simple text editor.
15. **vi / vim:** An advanced text editor.
**Search Operations:**
16. **find:** Locate files and directories.
17. **grep:** Search within files.
18. **locate:** Quickly find files using a database.
19. **which:** Locate a command’s path.
**Disk and File System Management:**
20. **df:** Display disk space usage.
21. **du:** Show directory or file size.
22. **mount / umount:** Mount or unmount file systems.
23. **lsblk:** List all block devices.
24. **fsck:** Check and repair file systems.
**Process and System Monitoring:**
25. **ps:** Display running processes.
26. **top:** Monitor system processes.
27. **htop:** Interactive process manager.
28. **kill:** Terminate a process.
29. **uptime:** Show system uptime.
30. **free:** Check memory usage.
**Networking Commands:**
31. **ping:** Check connectivity.
32. **curl:** Transfer data to/from servers.
33. **wget:** Download files from the internet.
34. **ifconfig / ip:** View or configure network interfaces.
35. **netstat:** Show network statistics.
36. **ssh:** Remote access to servers.
**37. SCP: Securely Copy Files Between Systems**
**Permissions and Ownership:**
38. chmod: Modify file permissions
39. chown: Change file owner/group
40. umask: Set default permissions
**Archiving and Compression:**
41. tar: Archive and compress files
42. gzip/gunzip: Compress and decompress files
43. zip/unzip: Handle zip files
**System Information:**
44. uname -a: Show system information
45. hostname: Display system hostname
46. whoami: Current user
47. id: Show user and group IDs
48. dmesg: Kernel log messages
49. lscpu: CPU architecture information
50. lsusb: List USB devices
51. lspci: Show PCI devices
**System Control:**
52. reboot: Restart the system
53. shutdown: Power off the system
54. systemctl: Manage system services
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